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A CH3CN and HCO+ survey towards southern methanol masers associated with star formation

Identifieur interne : 009861 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 009860; suivant : 009862

A CH3CN and HCO+ survey towards southern methanol masers associated with star formation

Auteurs : C. R. Purcell [Australie] ; R. Balasubramanyam [Australie, Inde] ; M. G. Burton [Australie] ; A. J. Walsh [Australie] ; V. Minier [Australie, France] ; M. R. Hunt-Cunningham [Australie] ; L. L. Kedziora-Chudczer [Australie] ; S. N. Longmore [Australie] ; T. Hill [Australie] ; I. Bains [Australie] ; P. J. Barnes [Australie] ; A. L. Busfield [Royaume-Uni] ; P. Calisse [Australie] ; N. H. M. Crighton [Australie] ; S. J. Curran [Australie] ; T. M. Davis [Australie] ; J. T. Dempsey [Australie] ; G. Derragopian [Australie] ; B. Fulton [Australie] ; M. G. Hidas [Australie] ; M. G. Hoare [Royaume-Uni] ; J.-K. Lee [Australie] ; E. F. Ladd [Australie, États-Unis] ; S. L. Lumsden [Royaume-Uni] ; T. J. T. Moore ; M. T. Murphy [Australie, Royaume-Uni] ; R. D. Oudmaijer [Australie] ; M. B. Pracy [Australie] ; J. Rathborne [Australie, États-Unis] ; S. Robertson [Australie] ; A. S. B. Schultz [Australie] ; J. Shobbrook [Australie] ; P. A. Sparks [Australie] ; J. Storey [Australie] ; T. Travouillion [Australie, États-Unis]

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:36C7D0F665C3ADA5A661DB52116726C03C806D90

English descriptors

Abstract

We present the initial results of a 3-mm spectral-line survey towards 83 methanol maser-selected massive star-forming regions. Here, we report observations of the J = 5–4 and 6–5 rotational transitions of methyl cyanide (CH3CN) and the J = 1–0 transition of HCO+ and H13CO+. CH3CN emission is detected in 58 sources (70 per cent of our sample). We estimate the temperature and column density for 37 of these using the rotational diagram (RD) method. The temperatures we derive range from 28–166 K, and are lower than previously reported temperatures, derived from higher J transitions. We find that CH3CN is brighter and more commonly detected towards ultracompact H ii (UCH ii) regions than towards isolated maser sources. Detection of CH3CN towards isolated maser sources strongly suggests that these objects are internally heated and that CH3CN is excited prior to the UCH ii phase of massive star formation. HCO+ is detected towards 82 sources (99 per cent of our sample), many of which exhibit asymmetric line profiles compared to H13CO+. Skewed profiles are indicative of inward or outward motions, however, we find approximately equal numbers of red- and blue-skewed profiles among all classes. Column densities are derived from an analysis of the HCO+ and H13CO+ line profiles. 80 sources have mid-infrared (mid-IR) counterparts: 68 seen in emission and 12 seen in absorption as ‘dark clouds’. Seven of the 12 dark clouds exhibit asymmetric HCO+ profiles, six of which are skewed to the blue, indicating infalling motions. CH3CN is also common in dark clouds, where it has a 90 per cent detection rate.

Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09921.x


Affiliations:


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<wicri:regionArea>CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility, PO Box 76, Epping, NSW 1710</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NSW 1710</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Physics, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lumsden, S L" sort="Lumsden, S L" uniqKey="Lumsden S" first="S. L." last="Lumsden">S. L. Lumsden</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<orgName type="university">Université de Leeds</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Leeds</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Yorkshire-et-Humber</region>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moore, T J T" sort="Moore, T J T" uniqKey="Moore T" first="T. J. T." last="Moore">T. J. T. Moore</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">1LD</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Murphy, M T" sort="Murphy, M T" uniqKey="Murphy M" first="M. T." last="Murphy">M. T. Murphy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NSW 2052</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Oudmaijer, R D" sort="Oudmaijer, R D" uniqKey="Oudmaijer R" first="R. D." last="Oudmaijer">R. D. Oudmaijer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Sydney</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
<region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pracy, M B" sort="Pracy, M B" uniqKey="Pracy M" first="M. B." last="Pracy">M. B. Pracy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NSW 2052</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rathborne, J" sort="Rathborne, J" uniqKey="Rathborne J" first="J." last="Rathborne">J. Rathborne</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NSW 2052</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Robertson, S" sort="Robertson, S" uniqKey="Robertson S" first="S." last="Robertson">S. Robertson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility, PO Box 76, Epping, NSW 1710</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NSW 1710</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schultz, A S B" sort="Schultz, A S B" uniqKey="Schultz A" first="A. S. B." last="Schultz">A. S. B. Schultz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NSW 2052</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shobbrook, J" sort="Shobbrook, J" uniqKey="Shobbrook J" first="J." last="Shobbrook">J. Shobbrook</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NSW 2052</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sparks, P A" sort="Sparks, P A" uniqKey="Sparks P" first="P. A." last="Sparks">P. A. Sparks</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NSW 2052</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Storey, J" sort="Storey, J" uniqKey="Storey J" first="J." last="Storey">J. Storey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NSW 2052</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Travouillion, T" sort="Travouillion, T" uniqKey="Travouillion T" first="T." last="Travouillion">T. Travouillion</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NSW 2052</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena 91125, CA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<monogr></monogr>
<series>
<title level="j">Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</title>
<title level="j" type="abbrev">Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0035-8711</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1365-2966</idno>
<imprint>
<publisher>Blackwell Science Ltd</publisher>
<pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace>
<date type="published" when="2006-04-01">2006-04-01</date>
<biblScope unit="volume">367</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="553">553</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" to="576">576</biblScope>
</imprint>
<idno type="ISSN">0035-8711</idno>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt>
<idno type="ISSN">0035-8711</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass>
<keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en">
<term>H ii regions</term>
<term>ISM: abundances</term>
<term>ISM: molecules</term>
<term>stars: formation</term>
<term>stars: pre-main-sequence</term>
<term>surveys</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract">We present the initial results of a 3-mm spectral-line survey towards 83 methanol maser-selected massive star-forming regions. Here, we report observations of the J = 5–4 and 6–5 rotational transitions of methyl cyanide (CH3CN) and the J = 1–0 transition of HCO+ and H13CO+. CH3CN emission is detected in 58 sources (70 per cent of our sample). We estimate the temperature and column density for 37 of these using the rotational diagram (RD) method. The temperatures we derive range from 28–166 K, and are lower than previously reported temperatures, derived from higher J transitions. We find that CH3CN is brighter and more commonly detected towards ultracompact H ii (UCH ii) regions than towards isolated maser sources. Detection of CH3CN towards isolated maser sources strongly suggests that these objects are internally heated and that CH3CN is excited prior to the UCH ii phase of massive star formation. HCO+ is detected towards 82 sources (99 per cent of our sample), many of which exhibit asymmetric line profiles compared to H13CO+. Skewed profiles are indicative of inward or outward motions, however, we find approximately equal numbers of red- and blue-skewed profiles among all classes. Column densities are derived from an analysis of the HCO+ and H13CO+ line profiles. 80 sources have mid-infrared (mid-IR) counterparts: 68 seen in emission and 12 seen in absorption as ‘dark clouds’. Seven of the 12 dark clouds exhibit asymmetric HCO+ profiles, six of which are skewed to the blue, indicating infalling motions. CH3CN is also common in dark clouds, where it has a 90 per cent detection rate.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Australie</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Inde</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Angleterre</li>
<li>Angleterre de l'Est</li>
<li>Californie</li>
<li>Massachusetts</li>
<li>Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</li>
<li>Pennsylvanie</li>
<li>Yorkshire-et-Humber</li>
<li>Île-de-France</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Cambridge</li>
<li>Gif-sur-Yvette</li>
<li>Leeds</li>
<li>Sydney</li>
</settlement>
<orgName>
<li>Université de Cambridge</li>
<li>Université de Leeds</li>
<li>Université de Sydney</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree>
<noCountry>
<name sortKey="Moore, T J T" sort="Moore, T J T" uniqKey="Moore T" first="T. J. T." last="Moore">T. J. T. Moore</name>
</noCountry>
<country name="Australie">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Purcell, C R" sort="Purcell, C R" uniqKey="Purcell C" first="C. R." last="Purcell">C. R. Purcell</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Bains, I" sort="Bains, I" uniqKey="Bains I" first="I." last="Bains">I. Bains</name>
<name sortKey="Balasubramanyam, R" sort="Balasubramanyam, R" uniqKey="Balasubramanyam R" first="R." last="Balasubramanyam">R. Balasubramanyam</name>
<name sortKey="Barnes, P J" sort="Barnes, P J" uniqKey="Barnes P" first="P. J." last="Barnes">P. J. Barnes</name>
<name sortKey="Barnes, P J" sort="Barnes, P J" uniqKey="Barnes P" first="P. J." last="Barnes">P. J. Barnes</name>
<name sortKey="Burton, M G" sort="Burton, M G" uniqKey="Burton M" first="M. G." last="Burton">M. G. Burton</name>
<name sortKey="Calisse, P" sort="Calisse, P" uniqKey="Calisse P" first="P." last="Calisse">P. Calisse</name>
<name sortKey="Crighton, N H M" sort="Crighton, N H M" uniqKey="Crighton N" first="N. H. M." last="Crighton">N. H. M. Crighton</name>
<name sortKey="Curran, S J" sort="Curran, S J" uniqKey="Curran S" first="S. J." last="Curran">S. J. Curran</name>
<name sortKey="Davis, T M" sort="Davis, T M" uniqKey="Davis T" first="T. M." last="Davis">T. M. Davis</name>
<name sortKey="Davis, T M" sort="Davis, T M" uniqKey="Davis T" first="T. M." last="Davis">T. M. Davis</name>
<name sortKey="Dempsey, J T" sort="Dempsey, J T" uniqKey="Dempsey J" first="J. T." last="Dempsey">J. T. Dempsey</name>
<name sortKey="Derragopian, G" sort="Derragopian, G" uniqKey="Derragopian G" first="G." last="Derragopian">G. Derragopian</name>
<name sortKey="Fulton, B" sort="Fulton, B" uniqKey="Fulton B" first="B." last="Fulton">B. Fulton</name>
<name sortKey="Fulton, B" sort="Fulton, B" uniqKey="Fulton B" first="B." last="Fulton">B. Fulton</name>
<name sortKey="Hidas, M G" sort="Hidas, M G" uniqKey="Hidas M" first="M. G." last="Hidas">M. G. Hidas</name>
<name sortKey="Hill, T" sort="Hill, T" uniqKey="Hill T" first="T." last="Hill">T. Hill</name>
<name sortKey="Hunt Cunningham, M R" sort="Hunt Cunningham, M R" uniqKey="Hunt Cunningham M" first="M. R." last="Hunt-Cunningham">M. R. Hunt-Cunningham</name>
<name sortKey="Kedziora Chudczer, L L" sort="Kedziora Chudczer, L L" uniqKey="Kedziora Chudczer L" first="L. L." last="Kedziora-Chudczer">L. L. Kedziora-Chudczer</name>
<name sortKey="Kedziora Chudczer, L L" sort="Kedziora Chudczer, L L" uniqKey="Kedziora Chudczer L" first="L. L." last="Kedziora-Chudczer">L. L. Kedziora-Chudczer</name>
<name sortKey="Ladd, E F" sort="Ladd, E F" uniqKey="Ladd E" first="E. F." last="Ladd">E. F. Ladd</name>
<name sortKey="Ladd, E F" sort="Ladd, E F" uniqKey="Ladd E" first="E. F." last="Ladd">E. F. Ladd</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, J K" sort="Lee, J K" uniqKey="Lee J" first="J.-K." last="Lee">J.-K. Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Longmore, S N" sort="Longmore, S N" uniqKey="Longmore S" first="S. N." last="Longmore">S. N. Longmore</name>
<name sortKey="Longmore, S N" sort="Longmore, S N" uniqKey="Longmore S" first="S. N." last="Longmore">S. N. Longmore</name>
<name sortKey="Minier, V" sort="Minier, V" uniqKey="Minier V" first="V." last="Minier">V. Minier</name>
<name sortKey="Murphy, M T" sort="Murphy, M T" uniqKey="Murphy M" first="M. T." last="Murphy">M. T. Murphy</name>
<name sortKey="Oudmaijer, R D" sort="Oudmaijer, R D" uniqKey="Oudmaijer R" first="R. D." last="Oudmaijer">R. D. Oudmaijer</name>
<name sortKey="Pracy, M B" sort="Pracy, M B" uniqKey="Pracy M" first="M. B." last="Pracy">M. B. Pracy</name>
<name sortKey="Purcell, C R" sort="Purcell, C R" uniqKey="Purcell C" first="C. R." last="Purcell">C. R. Purcell</name>
<name sortKey="Purcell, C R" sort="Purcell, C R" uniqKey="Purcell C" first="C. R." last="Purcell">C. R. Purcell</name>
<name sortKey="Rathborne, J" sort="Rathborne, J" uniqKey="Rathborne J" first="J." last="Rathborne">J. Rathborne</name>
<name sortKey="Robertson, S" sort="Robertson, S" uniqKey="Robertson S" first="S." last="Robertson">S. Robertson</name>
<name sortKey="Schultz, A S B" sort="Schultz, A S B" uniqKey="Schultz A" first="A. S. B." last="Schultz">A. S. B. Schultz</name>
<name sortKey="Shobbrook, J" sort="Shobbrook, J" uniqKey="Shobbrook J" first="J." last="Shobbrook">J. Shobbrook</name>
<name sortKey="Sparks, P A" sort="Sparks, P A" uniqKey="Sparks P" first="P. A." last="Sparks">P. A. Sparks</name>
<name sortKey="Storey, J" sort="Storey, J" uniqKey="Storey J" first="J." last="Storey">J. Storey</name>
<name sortKey="Travouillion, T" sort="Travouillion, T" uniqKey="Travouillion T" first="T." last="Travouillion">T. Travouillion</name>
<name sortKey="Walsh, A J" sort="Walsh, A J" uniqKey="Walsh A" first="A. J." last="Walsh">A. J. Walsh</name>
</country>
<country name="Inde">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Balasubramanyam, R" sort="Balasubramanyam, R" uniqKey="Balasubramanyam R" first="R." last="Balasubramanyam">R. Balasubramanyam</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="France">
<region name="Île-de-France">
<name sortKey="Minier, V" sort="Minier, V" uniqKey="Minier V" first="V." last="Minier">V. Minier</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Minier, V" sort="Minier, V" uniqKey="Minier V" first="V." last="Minier">V. Minier</name>
</country>
<country name="Royaume-Uni">
<region name="Angleterre">
<name sortKey="Busfield, A L" sort="Busfield, A L" uniqKey="Busfield A" first="A. L." last="Busfield">A. L. Busfield</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Hoare, M G" sort="Hoare, M G" uniqKey="Hoare M" first="M. G." last="Hoare">M. G. Hoare</name>
<name sortKey="Lumsden, S L" sort="Lumsden, S L" uniqKey="Lumsden S" first="S. L." last="Lumsden">S. L. Lumsden</name>
<name sortKey="Murphy, M T" sort="Murphy, M T" uniqKey="Murphy M" first="M. T." last="Murphy">M. T. Murphy</name>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis">
<region name="Pennsylvanie">
<name sortKey="Ladd, E F" sort="Ladd, E F" uniqKey="Ladd E" first="E. F." last="Ladd">E. F. Ladd</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Rathborne, J" sort="Rathborne, J" uniqKey="Rathborne J" first="J." last="Rathborne">J. Rathborne</name>
<name sortKey="Travouillion, T" sort="Travouillion, T" uniqKey="Travouillion T" first="T." last="Travouillion">T. Travouillion</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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